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Technical database

Ambient temperature
The ambient temperature is the temperature of the medium in which the electrical equipment is installed and in operation.

Anaconda
Anaconda is the brand name of our flexible conduits and matching Anaconda fittings. The Anaconda conduits are available in a wide variety of materials, diameters and can be with or without cover.

Anaflex
The ANAFLEX® is a flexible parallel corrugated hose that completely consists of high-quality stainless steel AISI-316L and stays completely liquid tight even at high temperatures (till +250 ºC).

ATEX
ATmosphere – EXplosible, ignitable atmosphere.

ATEX directives
Unofficial ‘family name’ for EC directives pertaining to explosion protection.

Cloud of dust
Swirling up of powder.

Combustible equipment
Equipment that can ignite a defined explosive atmosphere during normal operation.

Component
Each assembly part required for the safe operation of devices and protection services.

Conduit
A conduit is a gateway in which electrical wires or other items can pass through.

Conduit system
Routing of a tubing system for cables in the Ex area in accordance with the American Ex regulations.

Continuity plate
Metal plate connecting the potentials of several metal screw-connections inside an enclosure.

Cable gland
A cable gland is a fitting that attaches and secures the end of a cable to a certain installation. The cable glands can be in nicked plated brass or stainless steel.

Calculation, measuring and assessment data
Compilation of calculation, measuring and assessment values as well as operating conditions.

Calculation, measuring and assessment value
A quantitative value specified by the manufacturer for a certain operating condition of a device, protection system or component.

CE Mark
Identification confirming that all requirements in accordance with the regulations pertaining to the product have been met.

Combustible dust
Dust, fibres or suspended matter that can burn or smoulder in the air and generate explosive mixtures with the air in the presence of atmospheric pressure and at normal temperatures.

Dust combustion
Ignition of a layer of dust. A dust combustion can evolve into a dust explosion.

Dust Explosion
A very fast chemical reaction sequence of combustible substance (dust), which can release large amounts of energy.

Dustproof enclosure
Enclosure that can prevent the ingress of all visible dust particles (IP 6X).

Dust
Small solid particles in the atmosphere, which settle due to their own weight, however, can stay airborne in the atmosphere for some time as a dust/air mixture.

Dangerous dust concentration
… prevailing, for instance, in a room, if a 100 W bulb cannot be seen at a 1 m distance. Dangerous dust concentration depends on the grain size and the type of dust. Lower explosion boundary 20 to 60 g/m3; upper explosion boundary: 2000 to 6000 g/m3.

Declaration of conformity
The declaration of conformity is a written confirmation at the end of a conformity assessment, by which the responsible party (e.g. manufacturer, dealer) or the organization (e.g. test laboratory, user/owner of a quality system) bindingly declares the rendering of a service or product, and confirms that the object (product, service, station) features the properties specified in the declaration. The properties are typically specified by the quotation of the standards met by the object.

Detonation
Explosion propagating at supersonic speed, characterized by a shock wave.

Device category
Within a group of units, the category defines the classification with regard to the required level of safety. The device category indicates the technical requirements placed on a device for the individual Ex zone.

Devices
Machines, equipment, stationary or mobile devices, control and equipment parts as well as warning and preventions systems, intended either individually or in combination for the generation, transmission, storage, measurement, control and conversion of energy and/or to process materials, and which imply their own potential ignition sources and might, for this reason, cause an explosion.

EN45545-2/3
The European railway standard for fire safety EN45545 was introduced as a mandatory requirement throughout Europe. The standard affects manufacturers of rail vehicles including high speed trains, regional trains, trams, metros and double decker trains.

Explosive dust atmosphere
A mixture of air and a combustible substance in the form of dust or fibres under atmospheric conditions, allowing, once ignited, the combustion to propagate throughout the entire unconsumed mixture.

Enclosure Protection (IP)
With regard to the suitability for various ambient conditions, the systems are subdivided into respective protection types, the so called IP-codes.

Equipment Protection Level (EPL)
The Equipment Protection Level consists of two letters. The first indicates the type of the explosive atmosphere of gas G, D for dust.

Equipment Identification
The equipment identification informs, amongst others, about the ambient and environmental conditions in which the device may be used.

Explosion
Sudden oxidation or decomposition substance concentrating in the air causing an explosion.

Explosion boundaries
Boundaries of the explosion area; differentiation of lower and upper explosion boundaries.

Explosion endangered area
Area where an explosive atmosphere is present or can be expected in quantities that exact special measures with regard to the design, the installation and the use of equipment.

Explosion protection
Primary explosion protection: measures to be taken in order to prevent the creation and propagation of an explosive atmosphere.

Explosion protection document
This document provides information, such as: description of the operating are, the method, the actions and the quantities of substances; data of substances (technical safety characteristic values); risk assessment; zoning, technical and organizational protection measures; measures to be taken in emergencies as well as operating instructions and work release.

Explosion protection measures
Protection measures and regulations relating to the design, production and installation of devices used in Ex areas.

Explosion atmosphere
An explosive atmosphere is a mixture of combustible substances and air.

EC type examination certificate
Confirmation of the conformity of an Ex equipment with the pertinent international and national engineering standards.

Electrical equipment
All objects serving the application of electrical energy, either as a whole or in part. These include, amongst others, objects or the generation, transmission, distribution, storage, measuring, control, conversion and consumption of electrical energy, as well as telecommunication devices.

Electrostatic charge
An electrostatic charge is created when disconnecting non-conductive material from another (conductive or non-conductive) material after a close contact between both.

Electrical conduit
Electrical conduits are part of the protection systems for cables, wires and other applications. The conduits and matching electrical conduit fittings are easy to assemble and offer mechanical protection and liquid tightness to meet your specifications.

Electrical conduit fitting
Electrical conduit fittings are part of the protection systems for cables, wires and other applications. The fittings connect the conduit to an application which completes the protection system that Anamet Europe offers.

Flameproof enclosure Ex-d
Protection concept providing pressure resistance of the walls in the event of an explosion inside the enclosure, and allowing the energy to cool down to a point where an ignition in the atmosphere outside the enclosure is no longer possible.

Flexible corrugated metal hose
A flexible corrugated hose is used to make connections for conveying gas, oil, water or any other fluid from one location to another. Hoses are designed for different performances or properties. Corrugated hoses can withstand high pressure and provide maximum leak tightness.

Flexible stripwound metal hose
Stripwound hoses are made from a strip or steel which can have a square locked (SL) profile or a fully interlocked profile. It is continuously wound around a mandrel to form a hose.

GOST R
GOST is the Russian word for ‘norm’, and R stands for Russia.

Group of devices (of electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres)
Classification of electrical equipment according to the explosive atmosphere in which its use is intended (EN 60079-0). The group of devices indicated whether the device is to be used underground (I) or in one of the other areas (II).

Galvanised Steel
Galvanised steel is a zinc coated metal that provides customers with better resistance to corrosive environments.

Hiprojacket
The Hiprojacket is the ultimate heat protection for cables and hoses, these consist of a glass fibre sleeving with silicon cover.

Halogen free
Halogen-free cables, wires and conduits are applicable in delicate areas as, for example, public buildings and institutions or railway vehicles and in areas where the general safety requirements for cables and conduits are very high.

ISO
The International Organization for Standardization is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies.

Increased safety –“e”
Type of protection providing a higher degree of safety to prevent the ignition of an explosive atmosphere.

Inspection body
Inspection body for the inspection and certification of devices.

Intrinsic safety Ex-I; Ex-I D
Intrinsically safe current circuits are current circuits in which no spark or thermal effect can cause a dust air mixture to ignite.

Intrinsically safe equipment
Electrical equipment all currents of which are intrinsically safe.

IP protection
Protection identification according to EN 60529, for which degreed or protection are defined provided by enclosures protecting against foreign bodies and the ingress of water and their adverse effects.

IP-Rating
IP, which stands for an Ingress Protection is often found in the form of a table. An IP rating is a classification of an enclosure or cases ability to resist items entering it.

IECex
IECex is a global approval based on the decisions already reached by the IEC. IECex is comparable to the European ATEX.

Ignition of a cloud of dust
Spark-off of an explosion by transmitting energy to a cloud of dust in the air.

Ignition of a layer of dust
The ignition is to be regarded as have been taken place as soon as smouldering or flame formation in the material was triggered or when during the test a temperature of at least 450 °C or a temperature rise to at least 250K above the defined temperature of a hot surface is measured.

Ignition sources
Every source with sufficient energy to trigger combustion, i.e. hot surfaces, flames, smouldering pockets, mechanically generated sparks, electrical equipment, electrostatic discharge causing clouds of dust or dusts deposits to ignite.

Ignition temperature
The lowest temperature of a heated surface causing the ignition of an explosive atmosphere under defined conditions.

International Electro-technical Commission (IEC)
International Electro-technical Commission is the international committee for standardization in the field of electrical and electronic engineering, registered in Geneva.

Layer of dust
Deposit of flour or powder on equipment.

Low toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.

Lower explosion boundary
Lower boundary of the area of concentration in which a mixture can be brought to explosion. Lower boundary of the explosion area.

Lower ignition boundary
The lowest concentration of combustibles mixed with air, at which the air/combustibles mixture is combustible.

Maximum surface temperature
The maximum temperature or surface of a device, a protection system or a component can achieve during operation under the most unfavorable conditions (however, within the recognized permissible deviations) which can lead to ignite the surrounding explosive atmosphere.

Minimum ignition energy
Smallest electrical energy stored in a capacitator and defined under prescribed test conditions, which when discharged is sufficient to ignite the most ignition prone explosive atmosphere.

Minimum ignition temperature of a layer of dust
The lowest temperature of a hot surface, at which a layer of dust of a defined thickness on this hot surface is ignited.

Molded encapsulation Ex-m; Ex-D
Type of protection molding those components susceptible of igniting an explosive atmosphere.

Maximum operating temperature
Maximum temperature reached when a device or protection system is operated within the operating conditions specified for it. Remark: individual parts or each device or protection system can reach different operating temperatures.

Maintenance
Combination of all technical and administrative measures, including monitoring steps, geared to maintain or restore the functioning condition of a unit (IEC 60050-191).

Manufacturer
Organization registered in one or several indicated locations, which carries out or monitors manufacturing, assessment, handling and storage steps of a product that qualify this organization to assume responsibility for the conformity of the product with the pertinent requirements on a permanent basis, and, in this context, to exercise all obligations attached (EN 13980).

Normal operation
State in which the devices, protection systems and components fulfil their intended function within their design parameters.

Notified body (inspection body)
Inspection body for the inspection and certification of devices.

NEMA 4X
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) defines standards used in North America for various grades of electrical enclosures typically used in industrial applications.

Oil immersion – “o”
Type of protection safeguarding electrical equipment by being immersed in oil to avoid contact between an ignition source and explosive atmosphere.

Operating conditions meeting the intended use
The task assigned to the device or protection system by the manufacturer, based on the calculation, measuring and assessment values.

Operating manual
Documentation addressed to the installer and user/owner providing relevant information on a piece of equipment and its correct and safe use.

Operating temperature
The temperature of the equipment reached during its rated operation.

Offshore
Processes and functions, such as mineral oil and gas extraction from beneath the ocean.

Onshore
Processes and functions, such as mineral oil and gas extraction on land.

Protection by enclosure - ‘”tD”
Type of protection providing an enclosure, the sealing of which prevents the ingress of combustible dust. The surface temperature of the outer enclosure is limited. 

Pressure proof enclosure Ex-p; Ex-pD
Types of protection preventing the generation of an explosive atmosphere inside an enclosure in that an internal overpressure is maintained in relation to the surrounding atmosphere by means of pressurized gas, and in that, if necessary, the enclosure interior is permanently supplied with pressurized gas that combustible mixtures are diluted.

RoHS
RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) aims to reduce and prevent dangerous chemicals in electrical and electronic appliances.

Risk of dust explosion
Danger exists when combustible dust (powder, flour) is produced or handled in a factory.

Smoldering temperature
See: "Minimum ignition temperature of a layer of dust"

Stainless steel (304/316)
A steel alloy, with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass and a maximum of 1.2% carbon by mass

Sealtite
Sealtite is the brand name of the type of conduit that is used to protect wires against different circumstances. Sealtite conduits are often recognized by their think smooth cover. The conduit ensures mechanical protection and is solid, robust and of premium quality.

Temperature limitation (dust)
It is necessary to determine the maximum permissible surface temperature of equipment for use on one of the three zones, by deducting a safety factor from the lowest ignition temperature of the dust concerned.

Type (degree) of protection
Scope of protection by an enclosure against access to dangerous parts, against the ingress of solid foreign bodies and/or against the ingress of water, and proven by standardized inspection/text methods (EN 60529).

Type of protection
Special measures taken on devices to prevent the ignition of the surrounding atmosphere.

Temperature class
Division of devices, protection systems or components for use in explosive atmospheres in accordance with their maximum surface temperature.

Upper explosion boundary
Upper boundary of the area of concentration, in which dust mixed with air can be brought to explosion. Upper boundary of the explosive area.

UL/CSA approved
Many of the Anaconda products are listed with the UL and CSA Group. UL is US based but is a global company focused on providing clarity when it comes to safety, compliance, sustainability, transparency, quality and performance. The CSA Group offers certifications for markets across North America and around the world with standards of quality that aim to enhance overall public safety. Various conduits and fittings of Anamet Europe are UL/CSA approved.

Zone classification – dust zones
Explosion endangered areas are divided into zones defined by the frequency of the occurrence and the duration of the presence of an explosive dust/air mixture; the following definitions only apply to the device group II.


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